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| Location | Western South America, bordering the Pacific Ocean at the Equator, between Colombia and Peru | | | Geographic coordinates | 2 00 S, 77 30 W | | | Zone | South America | | | Area | total: 283,560 sq km
land: 276,840 sq km
water: 6,720 sq km
note: includes Galapagos Islands | | | Land boundaries | total: 2,010 km
border countries: Colombia 590 km, Peru 1,420 km | | | Coastline | 2,237 km | | | Maritime claims | territorial sea: 200 nm
continental shelf: 100 nm from 2,500 meter isobath | | | Climate | tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands | | | Terrain | coastal plain (costa), inter-Andean central highlands (sierra), and flat to rolling eastern jungle (oriente) | | | Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Chimborazo 6,267 m | | | Natural resources | petroleum, fish, timber, hydropower | | | Irrigated land | 2,237 km | | | Natural hazards | frequent earthquakes, landslides, volcanic activity; floods; periodic droughts | | Environment -
current issues | deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; water pollution; pollution from oil production wastes in ecologically sensitive areas of the Amazon Basin and Galapagos Islands | | Environment -
international agreements | party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | | Geography - note | Cotopaxi in Andes is highest active volcano in world | |
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