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| Location | Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama | | | Geographic coordinates | 4 00 N, 72 00 W | | | Zone | South America | | | Area | total: 1,138,910 sq km
land: 1,038,700 sq km
water: 100,210 sq km
note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, and Serrana Bank | | | Land boundaries | total: 6,309 km
border countries: Brazil 1,644 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km, Peru 1,800 km, Venezuela 2,050 km | | | Coastline | 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km) | | | Maritime claims | territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation | | | Climate | tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands | | | Terrain | flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes Mountains, eastern lowland plains | | | Elevation extremes | lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m
highest point: Pico Cristobal Colon 5,775 m
note: nearby Pico Simon Bolivar also has the same elevation | | | Natural resources | petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore, nickel, gold, copper, emeralds, hydropower | | | Irrigated land | 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean 1,448 km) | | | Natural hazards | highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts | | Environment -
current issues | deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions | | Environment -
international agreements | party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea | | | Geography - note | only South American country with coastlines on both the North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea | |
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