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| Economy - overview | Argentina benefits from rich natural resources, a highly literate population, an export-oriented agricultural sector, and a diversified industrial base. Although one of the world's wealthiest countries 100 years ago, Argentina suffered during most of the 20th century from recurring economic crises, persistent fiscal and current account deficits, high inflation, mounting external debt, and capital flight. Beginning in 1998, with external debt equivalent to more than 400% of annual exports, the economy slowed and ultimately fell into a full-blown depression; investors' fears grew in the wake of Russia's debt default, Brazil's devaluation, and the political discord caused by then-President Carlos MENEM's unpopular efforts to run for a constitutionally prohibited third term. The government of Fernando DE LA RUA, elected President in late 1999, tried several measures to cut the fiscal deficit and instill confidence and received large IMF credit facilities, but nothing worked to revive the economy. Depositors began withdrawing money from the banks in late 2001, and the government responded with strict limits on withdrawals. When street protests turned deadly, DE LA RUA was forced to resign in December 2001. Interim President Adolfo Rodriguez SAA declared a default - the largest in history - on Argentina's foreign debt, but he stepped down only a few days later when he failed to garner political support from the country's governors. Eduardo DUHALDE became President in January 2002 and announced an end to the peso's decade-long 1-to-1 peg to the US dollar. When the peso depreciated and inflation rose, DUHALDE's government froze utility tariffs, curtailed creditors' rights, and imposed high taxes on exports. The economy rebounded strongly from the crisis, inflation started falling, and DUHALDE called for special elections. Nestor KIRCHNER was elected President, taking office in May 2003, and continued the restrictions imposed by DUHALDE. With the reemergence of double-digit inflation in 2005, the KIRCHNER administration pressured businesses into a series of agreements to hold down prices. The government also restructured its debt in 2005 and paid off its IMF obligations in early 2006, reducing Argentina's external debt burden. Real GDP growth averaged 9% during the period 2003-06, bolstering government revenues and keeping the budget in surplus. | | | GDP | 1.3% (2005 est.) | | | GDP - real growth rate | 8.5% (2006 est.) | | | GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 9.5%
industry: 35.8%
services: 54.7% (2005 est.) | | | Population below poverty line | 26.9% (July-December 2006) | | Household income or consumption
by percentage share | lowest 10%: 1%
highest 10%: 35% (June 2006) | | Distribution of family income
- Gini index | 48.3 (June 2006) | | | Labor force | 15.35 million (2006 est.) | | | Labor force - by occupation | agriculture: NA%
industry: NA%
services: NA% | | | Unemployment rate | 8.7% (2006 est.) | | | Budget | revenues: $52.1 billion
expenditures: $47.6 billion; including capital expenditures of $5.4 billion (2006 est.) | | | Industries | food processing, motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals and petrochemicals, printing, metallurgy, steel | | | Industrial production growth rate | 8.2% (2006 est.) | | Electricity -
production | 93.94 billion kWh (2004) | | Electricity -
production by source | fossil fuel: 52.2%
hydro: 40.8%
nuclear: 6.7%
other: 0.2% (2001) | | Electricity -
consumption | 90.93 billion kWh (2004) | | Electricity -
exports | 4.143 billion kWh (2004) | | Electricity -
imports | 7.7 billion kWh (2004) | | | Oil - production | 745,000 bbl/day (2005 est.) | | | Oil - consumption | 470,000 bbl/day (2004 est.) | | | Oil - exports | 470,000 bbl/day (2003) | | | Oil - imports | 39,000 bbl/day (2003) | | | Oil - proved reserves | 2.116 billion bbl (2006 est.) | | | Agriculture - products | sunflower seeds, lemons, soybeans, grapes, corn, tobacco, peanuts, tea, wheat; livestock | | | Exports | $46.6 billion f.o.b. (2006) | | | Exports - commodities | edible oils, fuels and energy, cereals, feed, motor vehicles | | | Exports - partners | Brazil 15.8%, US 11.4%, Chile 11.2%, China 7.9% (2005) | | | Imports | $31.69 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) | | | Imports - commodities | machinery and equipment, motor vehicles, chemicals, metal manufactures, plastics | | | Imports - partners | Brazil 35.9%, US 14.1%, China 7.8%, Germany 4.5% (2005) | | | Debt - external | $109 billion (30 December 2006) | | | Economic aid - recipient | $0 (2002) | | | Currency code | ARS | | | Exchange rates | Argentine pesos per US dollar - 3.0543 (2006), 2.9037 (2005), 2.9233 (2004), 2.9006 (2003), 3.0633 (2002) | | | Fiscal year | calendar year | |
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