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| Country | New Caledonia | | | Flag |  | | | Capital | name: Noumea geographic coordinates: 22 16 S, 166 27 E time difference: UTC+11 (16 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) | | | Population | 221,943 (July 2007 est.) | | | GMT | +11 | | | Location | Oceania, islands in the South Pacific Ocean, east of Australia
see map | | | Area | total: 19,060 sq km land: 18,575 sq km water: 485 sq km | | | Ethnic groups | Melanesian 42.5%, European 37.1%, Wallisian 8.4%, Polynesian 3.8%, Indonesian 3.6%, Vietnamese 1.6%, other 3% | | | Religions | Roman Catholic 60%, Protestant 30%, other 10% | | | Languages | French (official), 33 Melanesian-Polynesian dialects | | | Government type | NA | | | National holiday | Bastille Day, 14 July (1789) | | | Constitution | 4 October 1958 (French Constitution) | | | Legal system | the 1988 Matignon Accords grant substantial autonomy to the islands; formerly under French law | | | Background | Settled by both Britain and France during the first half of the 19th century, the island was made a French possession in 1853. It served as a penal colony for four decades after 1864. Agitation for independence during the 1980s and early 1990s ended in the 1998 Noumea Accord, which over a period of 15 to 20 years will transfer an increasing amount of governing responsibility from France to New Caledonia. The agreement also commits France to conduct as many as three referenda between 2013 and 2018, to decide whether New Caledonia should assume full sovereignty and independence. | | Internet country code | .nc | |
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