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| Location | Southeastern Europe, between Macedonia and Hungary | | | Geographic coordinates | 44 00 N, 21 00 E | | | Zone | Europe | | | Area | total: 88,361 sq km
land: 88,361 sq km
water: 0 sq km | | | Land boundaries | total: 2,027 km
border countries: Albania 115 km, Bosnia and Herzegovina 302 km, Bulgaria 318 km, Croatia 241 km, Hungary 151 km, Macedonia 221 km, Montenegro 203 km, Romania 476 km | | | Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | | | Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | | | Climate | in the north, continental climate (cold winters and hot, humid summers with well distributed rainfall); in other parts, continental and Mediterranean climate (relatively cold winters with heavy snowfall and hot, dry summers and autumns) | | | Terrain | extremely varied; to the north, rich fertile plains; to the east, limestone ranges and basins; to the southeast, ancient mountains and hills | | | Elevation extremes | lowest point: NA
highest point: Daravica 2,656 m | | | Natural resources | oil, gas, coal, iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, antimony, chromite, nickel, gold, silver, magnesium, pyrite, limestone, marble, salt, arable land | | | Irrigated land | 0 km (landlocked) | | | Natural hazards | destructive earthquakes | | Environment -
current issues | air pollution around Belgrade and other industrial cities; water pollution from industrial wastes dumped into the Sava which flows into the Danube | | Environment -
international agreements | party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | | Geography - note | controls one of the major land routes from Western Europe to Turkey and the Near East | |
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