| Economy - overview | Finland has a highly industrialized, largely free-market economy with per capita output roughly that of the UK, France, Germany, and Italy. Its key economic sector is manufacturing - principally the wood, metals, engineering, telecommunications, and electronics industries. Trade is important; exports equal two-fifths of GDP. Finland excels in high-tech exports, e.g., mobile phones. Except for timber and several minerals, Finland depends on imports of raw materials, energy, and some components for manufactured goods. Because of the climate, agricultural development is limited to maintaining self-sufficiency in basic products. Forestry, an important export earner, provides a secondary occupation for the rural population. High unemployment remains a persistent problem. |
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| GDP | 2% (2005 est.) |
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| GDP - real growth rate | 5.5% (2006 est.) |
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| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 2.7%
industry: 30.3%
services: 67% (2006 est.) |
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| Population below poverty line | NA% |
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Household income or consumption
by percentage share | lowest 10%: 4.2%
highest 10%: 21.6% (1991) |
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Distribution of family income
- Gini index | 26.9 (2000) |
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| Labor force | 2.62 million (2006 est.) |
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| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture and forestry 4.4%, industry 17.5%, construction 6%, commerce 22%, finance, insurance, and business services 12%, transport and communications 8%, public services 30.2% |
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| Unemployment rate | 7% (2006 est.) |
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| Budget | revenues: $105.6 billion
expenditures: $101 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2006 est.) |
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| Industries | metals and metal products, electronics, machinery and scientific instruments, shipbuilding, pulp and paper, foodstuffs, chemicals, textiles, clothing |
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| Industrial production growth rate | 3% (2006 est.) |
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Electricity -
production | 81.6 billion kWh (2004) |
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Electricity -
production by source | fossil fuel: 39%
hydro: 18.7%
nuclear: 30.4%
other: 11.8% (2001) |
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Electricity -
consumption | 80.79 billion kWh (2004) |
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Electricity -
exports | 6.8 billion kWh (2004) |
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Electricity -
imports | 11.7 billion kWh (2004) |
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| Oil - production | 9,105 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
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| Oil - consumption | 220,400 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
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| Oil - exports | 101,000 bbl/day (2001) |
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| Oil - imports | 318,300 bbl/day (2001) |
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| Agriculture - products | barley, wheat, sugar beets, potatoes; dairy cattle; fish |
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| Exports | $84.72 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) |
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| Exports - commodities | machinery and equipment, chemicals, metals; timber, paper, pulp (1999) |
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| Exports - partners | Russia 11.2%, Sweden 10.7%, Germany 10.5%, UK 6.6%, US 6.2%, Netherlands 4.8% (2005) |
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| Imports | $71.69 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) |
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| Imports - commodities | foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics, grains |
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| Imports - partners | Germany 16.2%, Sweden 14.1%, Russia 13.9%, Netherlands 6.2%, Denmark 4.6%, UK 4.3%, China 4.2% (2005) |
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| Debt - external | $251.9 billion (30 June 2006) |
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| Currency code | EUR |
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| Exchange rates | euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002) |
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| Fiscal year | calendar year |
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