| Economy - overview | Belarus's economy in 2006 posted more than 8% growth. Trade with Russia - by far its largest single trade partner - decreased in 2006, largely as a result of a change in the way the Value Added Tax (VAT) on trade was collected. Trade with European countries increased. Belarus has seen little structural reform since 1995, when President LUKASHENKO launched the country on the path of "market socialism." In keeping with this policy, LUKASHENKO reimposed administrative controls over prices and currency exchange rates and expanded the state's right to intervene in the management of private enterprises. Since 2005, the government has re-nationalized a number of private companies. In addition, businesses have been subject to pressure by central and local governments, e.g., arbitrary changes in regulations, numerous rigorous inspections, retroactive application of new business regulations, and arrests of "disruptive" businessmen and factory owners. A wide range of redistributive policies has helped those at the bottom of the ladder; the Gini coefficient is among the lowest in the world. Because of these restrictive economic policies, Belarus has had trouble attracting foreign investment, which remains low. Growth has been strong in recent years, despite the roadblocks in a tough, centrally directed economy with a high, but decreasing, rate of inflation. Belarus receives heavily discounted oil and natural gas from Russia and much of Belarus' growth can be attributed to the re-export of Russian oil at market prices. This growth will be threatened in 2007, however, when Russia raises energy prices closer to world market prices for Belarus. Russia is planning to increase Belarusian gas prices from $47 per thousand cubic meters (tcm) to $100 per tcm for 2007, gradually increasing to world prices by 2011. Russia has also introduced an export duty on oil shipped to Belarus, which will increase gradually through 2009, and a requirement that Belarusian duties on re-exported Russian oil be shared with Russia - 70% will go to Russia in 2007, 80% in 2008, and 85% in 2009. |
|
| GDP | 1.4% (2005 est.) |
|
| GDP - real growth rate | 9.9% (2006 est.) |
|
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 9.3%
industry: 31.6%
services: 59.1% (2005 est.) |
|
| Population below poverty line | 27.1% (2003 est.) |
|
Household income or consumption
by percentage share | lowest 10%: 5.1%
highest 10%: 20% (1998) |
|
Distribution of family income
- Gini index | 30.4 (2000) |
|
| Labor force | 4.3 million (31 December 2005) |
|
| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture: 14%
industry: 34.7%
services: 51.3% (2003 est.) |
|
| Unemployment rate | 1.6% officially registered unemployed; large number of underemployed workers (2005) |
|
| Budget | revenues: $6.578 billion
expenditures: $7.164 billion; including capital expenditures of $180 million (2006 est.) |
|
| Industries | metal-cutting machine tools, tractors, trucks, earthmovers, motorcycles, televisions, chemical fibers, fertilizer, textiles, radios, refrigerators |
|
| Industrial production growth rate | 15.6% (2005 est.) |
|
Electricity -
production | 29.33 billion kWh (2004) |
|
Electricity -
production by source | fossil fuel: 99.5%
hydro: 0.1%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0.4% (2001) |
|
Electricity -
consumption | 31.05 billion kWh (2004) |
|
Electricity -
exports | 4.723 billion kWh (2004) |
|
Electricity -
imports | 8.5 billion kWh (2004) |
|
| Oil - production | 34,260 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
|
| Oil - consumption | 165,000 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
|
| Oil - exports | 14,500 bbl/day (2003 est.) |
|
| Oil - imports | 360,000 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
|
| Agriculture - products | grain, potatoes, vegetables, sugar beets, flax; beef, milk |
|
| Exports | $19.61 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) |
|
| Exports - commodities | machinery and equipment, mineral products, chemicals, metals, textiles, foodstuffs |
|
| Exports - partners | Russia 35.8%, Netherlands 15.1%, UK 7%, Ukraine 5.7%, Poland 5.3%, Germany 4.4% (2005) |
|
| Imports | $21.12 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) |
|
| Imports - commodities | mineral products, machinery and equipment, chemicals, foodstuffs, metals |
|
| Imports - partners | Russia 60.6%, Germany 6.7%, Ukraine 5.4% (2005) |
|
| Debt - external | $5.498 billion (30 June 2006 est.) |
|
| Economic aid - recipient | $194.3 million (1995) |
|
| Currency code | BYB/BYR |
|
| Exchange rates | Belarusian rubles per US dollar - 2,144.6 (2006), 2,150 (2005), 2,160.26 (2004), 2,051.27 (2003), 1,790.92 (2002) |
|
| Fiscal year | calendar year |
|
