| Economy - overview | Tanzania is one of the poorest countries in the world. The economy depends heavily on agriculture, which accounts for almost half of GDP, provides 85% of exports, and employs 80% of the work force. Topography and climatic conditions, however, limit cultivated crops to only 4% of the land area. Industry traditionally featured the processing of agricultural products and light consumer goods. The World Bank, the IMF, and bilateral donors have provided funds to rehabilitate Tanzania's out-of-date economic infrastructure and to alleviate poverty. Long-term growth through 2005 featured a pickup in industrial production and a substantial increase in output of minerals led by gold. Recent banking reforms have helped increase private-sector growth and investment. Continued donor assistance and solid macroeconomic policies supported real GDP growth of nearly 6% in 2006. |
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| GDP | 0.2% (2005 est.) |
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| GDP - real growth rate | 5.8% (2006 est.) |
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| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture: 43.3%
industry: 17.7%
services: 39% (2006 est.) |
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| Population below poverty line | 36% (2002 est.) |
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Household income or consumption
by percentage share | lowest 10%: 2.8%
highest 10%: 30.1% (1993) |
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Distribution of family income
- Gini index | 38.2 (1993) |
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| Labor force | 19.35 million (2006 est.) |
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| Labor force - by occupation | agriculture: 80%
industry and services: 20% (2002 est.) |
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| Unemployment rate | NA% |
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| Budget | revenues: $2.431 billion
expenditures: $3.001 billion; including capital expenditures of $NA (2006 est.) |
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| Industries | agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine); diamond, gold, and iron mining, salt, soda ash; cement, oil refining, shoes, apparel, wood products, fertilizer |
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| Industrial production growth rate | 8.4% (1999 est.) |
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Electricity -
production | 2.562 billion kWh (2004) |
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Electricity -
production by source | fossil fuel: 18.9%
hydro: 81.1%
nuclear: 0%
other: 0% (2001) |
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Electricity -
consumption | 2.383 billion kWh (2004) |
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Electricity -
exports | 0 kWh (2004) |
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Electricity -
imports | 0 kWh (2004) |
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| Oil - production | 0 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
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| Oil - consumption | 23,000 bbl/day (2004 est.) |
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| Oil - exports | NA bbl/day |
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| Oil - imports | NA bbl/day |
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| Oil - proved reserves | 0 bbl (1 January 2002) |
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| Agriculture - products | coffee, sisal, tea, cotton, pyrethrum (insecticide made from chrysanthemums), cashew nuts, tobacco, cloves, corn, wheat, cassava (tapioca), bananas, fruits, vegetables; cattle, sheep, goats |
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| Exports | $1.831 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) |
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| Exports - commodities | gold, coffee, cashew nuts, manufactures, cotton |
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| Exports - partners | China 10.5%, Canada 8.9%, India 7.5%, Netherlands 5.3%, Japan 4.6%, Germany 4.4%, UK 4.1%, Zambia 4% (2005) |
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| Imports | $3.18 billion f.o.b. (2006 est.) |
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| Imports - commodities | consumer goods, machinery and transportation equipment, industrial raw materials, crude oil |
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| Imports - partners | South Africa 12.7%, China 9.2%, Kenya 7.9%, India 6.8%, UAE 5.9% (2005) |
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| Debt - external | $4.61 billion (2006 est.) |
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| Economic aid - recipient | $1.2 billion (2001) |
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| Currency code | TZS |
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| Exchange rates | Tanzanian shillings per US dollar - 1,251.9 (2006), 1,128.93 (2005), 1,089.33 (2004), 1,038.42 (2003), 966.58 (2002) |
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| Fiscal year | 1 July - 30 June |
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