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| Location | Western Africa, southwest of Algeria | | | Geographic coordinates | 17 00 N, 4 00 W | | | Zone | Africa | | | Area | total: 1.24 million sq km
land: 1.22 million sq km
water: 20,000 sq km | | | Land boundaries | total: 7,243 km
border countries: Algeria 1,376 km, Burkina Faso 1,000 km, Guinea 858 km, Cote d'Ivoire 532 km, Mauritania 2,237 km, Niger 821 km, Senegal 419 km | | | Coastline | 0 km (landlocked) | | | Maritime claims | none (landlocked) | | | Climate | subtropical to arid; hot and dry (February to June); rainy, humid, and mild (June to November); cool and dry (November to February) | | | Terrain | mostly flat to rolling northern plains covered by sand; savanna in south, rugged hills in northeast | | | Elevation extremes | lowest point: Senegal River 23 m
highest point: Hombori Tondo 1,155 m | | | Natural resources | gold, phosphates, kaolin, salt, limestone, uranium, gypsum, granite, hydropower
note: bauxite, iron ore, manganese, tin, and copper deposits are known but not exploited | | | Irrigated land | 0 km (landlocked) | | | Natural hazards | hot, dust-laden harmattan haze common during dry seasons; recurring droughts; occasional Niger River flooding | | Environment -
current issues | deforestation; soil erosion; desertification; inadequate supplies of potable water; poaching | | Environment -
international agreements | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements | | | Geography - note | landlocked; divided into three natural zones: the southern, cultivated Sudanese; the central, semiarid Sahelian; and the northern, arid Saharan | |
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